Unit -1 PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

Unit -1

Introduction to Physical Education

Meaning, definition, Aims and objectives of the physical education, scope and importance of physical education, physical fitness meaning, definition, components, and benefits.

Physical education meaning

                                                      In most educational systems, physical education (P.E.) class, (also known as Phys Ed, or Gym) is a course taken in lower, middle, and high school that utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting. The term physical education is most commonly used in this way; however, this denotes they have participated in the subject area rather than studied it."[1] Physical education (PE) is the interdisciplinary study of all areas of science relating to the transmission of physical knowledge and skills to an individual or a group, the application of these

skills, and their results.

The primary aims of physical education have varied, based on the needs of the time and place. Most modern schools' goal is to provide students with knowledge, skills, capacities, values, and the enthusiasm to maintain a healthy lifestyle into adulthood. Activities included in the program are designed to promote physical fitness, to develop motor skills, to instill knowledge and understanding of rules, concepts, and strategies. Students learn to either work as part of a team, or as individuals, in a wide variety of competitive activities. Due to the relative decrease in physical activity among American kids and teenagers in recent years, some schools also require physical education as a way to promote weight loss in students. The promotion of weight loss can also be harmful in mental ways so it is not always the best way of teaching.[citation needed] In all states in the United States, physical education is offered to students from grades K through 12. Illinois is the only state that requires physical education in all schools (even private schools) for all grade levels. However some activities, such as JROTC and marching band, are acceptable substitutes for physical education as a class. Most states do require physical education from 6th through 9th grades and offer "elective" physical education classes from 10th through 12th grades.

Various Definitions of Physical Education are –

1.     Barrow defined Physical Education as an education of and through human movement where many of educational objectives are achieved by means of big muscle activities involving sports, games, gymnastic, dance and exercise.

        2. According to Webster’s Dictionary Physical education is a part of education which gives instructions in the development and care of the body randing from simple callisthenic exercises to a course of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics and the performance and management of athletics games.

       3. Jackson R. Sharman points out that physical education is that part of education which takes place through activities, which involves the motor mechanism of human body which results in an individual’s formulating behavior patterns.

       4. Charles A. Bucher defines physical education, an integral part of total education process, is a field of Endeavour which has as its aim the development of physically, mentally, emotionally and socially fit citizens through the medium of physical activities which have been selected with a view to realizing these outcomes.”

        5. Central Advisory Board of physical Education and Recreation

 Defines Physical education as an education through physical activities for the development of total personality of the child to its fullness and perfection in

body, mind and spirit.

·         Importance Of Physical Education

The importance of physical education is no less than any other subjects in the regular curriculum. Read on to find out more...

Physical education which is commonly a part of the curriculum at school levelincludes training in the development and care of the human body and Maintaining physical fitness. Physical education is also about sharpening overall cognitive abilities and motor skills via athletics, exercise and various other physical activities like martial arts and dance. Here are some of the benefits that highlight the importance of physical education: 

1. Maintaining Sound Physical Fitness 

Physical fitness is one of the most important elements of leading a healthy lifestyle. Physical education promotes the importance of inclusion of a regular fitness activity in the routine. This helps the students to maintain their fitness, develop their muscular strength, increase their stamina and thus stretch their physical abilities to an optimum level. Physical fitness helps to inculcate the importance of maintaining a healthy body, which in turn keeps them happy and energized. Sound physical fitness promotes, increased absorption of nutrients, better functioning of digestion and allother physiological processes and hence results in all round fitness. 

2. Overall Confidence Booster 

Indulging in sports be it team sports or dual and individual sports, leads to a major boost in self-confidence. The ability to go on the field and perform instills a sense of self-confidence, which is very important for the development of a person's character. Every victory achieved on the field, helps to boost a person's self-confidence. Moreover, the ability to accept defeat on field and yet believe in your own

capabilities brings a sense of positive attitude as well. Thus participation in sports, martial arts or even dance and aerobics, is always a positive influence on a student's overall personality and character and works wonders for his/her self-confidence. 

Awareness about Important Health and Nutrition Issues 

Physical education classes are about participating in the physical fitness and recreation activities, but they are also about gaining knowledge about the overall aspects of physical health. For example in today's world the problems of obesity, or anemia and bulimia are rampant amongst teenagers. Physical education provides an excellent opportunity for teachers to promote the benefits of healthy and nutritious food and cite the ill effects of junk food. Promoting sound eating practices and guidelines for nutrition are some of the very valuable lessons that can be taught

through physical education classes at school level.

4. Inculcating Sportsmanship and Team Spirit

Participation in team sports, or even dual sports helps to imbibe a sense of team spirit amongst the students. While participating in team sports, the children have to function as an entire team, and hence they learn how to organize themselves and function together. This process of team building hones a person's overall communications skills and the ability to get along with different kind of people. Thus participating in team sports instills a sense of team spirit, which is a great value addition to anyone's

personality and helps a lot in all the future endeavors.

5. Development of Motor Skills

The ability to concentrate, the ability to swing the racket just at the right time are some of the examples of development of motor skills in the physical education classes. Participation in sports and several physical education activities helps to sharpen the reflexes of the students. It also brings order and discipline to the body movements and helps in development of a sound body posture as well. The hand-eye coordination improves as well. 

6. Importance of Hygiene and Sex education 

Physical education classes also include lessons about the importance of personal hygiene and importance of cleanliness. Thus the physical education classes help the students to know the important hygiene practices that must be practiced in order to maintain the health and well-being throughout the life. In addition to this, the physical education classes also cover an important aspect that the children have to deal with at the age of puberty. Physical education classes also impart sex-education and hence help the students deal with their queries and doubts about the subject of sexuality. 

7. Enhancing Overall Cognitive Abilities 

Physical education classes help to enhance the overall cognitive abilities of the students, since they get a lot of knowledge about the different kinds of sports and physical activities that they indulge in. For example a person who is participating in a specific type of martial arts class, will also gain knowledge about the origins of the martial art, and the other practices and historical significance associated with it. Thus physical education helps to enrich the knowledge bank of the students. 

8. Encouraging Budding Sportsmen 

Physical education classes are an excellent opportunity for all the budding sportsmen and sportswomen who wish to make their mark in the world of sports. Physical education classes allow the budding sportsmen and sportswomen to explore and experiment with several areas until they find what interests them. After this, physical education classes also allow the students to indulge the sport of their choice and then go ahead to participate in several tournaments and competitions, which help to give the students an exposure to the competitive world of sports. 

9. A Stress Buster and Source of Enjoyment 

In addition to the health benefits and the knowledge benefits that the students get from the physical education classes, one important aspect of it remains to be recreation. Students, who are busy with their other subjects in the curriculum, often get exhausted with the listening, reading and writing pattern of studying and need a recreational activity as a source of recreation. Sports and other physical fitness activities offered in the physical education class are a welcome break for the students.

10. Promoting Healthy Lifestyle in Adulthood 

Children, who learn the importance of health and hygiene in their early ages, tend to grow up to be responsible and healthy adults who are well aware of the benefits of a healthy lifestyle. Thus the overall physical education program, that includes different

Education is the main form to create a strong nation also for the healthy nation. Without education man cannot create a better person. Education is creating you mental and physical strong. So it is the most important for the better nation. Today it is proved that every education is the most important. Today another education is the most important that is physical education. Now time to discuss the importance of physical education. Physical education is the secret of the success of our body engine. This education is giving you knowledge about the physical, which is the most important for the body fitness. This physical education knowing many things such as how to take care of your mind, toward happiness, wealth, body and about of your health. This education is creating of your good behavior that is most important. It is the serious matter if we are work of our health it is creating of your body healthy and fitness. Here, is most important think that is needed to attend the various sports. That is help to achieve the various goals. It is also change of your lifestyle. It is can change of your especial area those are the most important. When we archive this perfectly, we will difference from others. After take this, we can easily find of our dream. Also, it is helping for doing of your work. Physical education not means an education by the book; it is giving you practical education. In this education, second area is athleticism. It is change of your many things such as agility, coordination, stamina and agility. This education teaches us many useful things. It directs us to better physical fitness. It is also giving you advice for participation in the team also for individual sports. It is also giving you many different sports such as softball, tennis, swimming, baseball, basketball, skiing, golf, and much gamer. Now we can say that it is most important for our health. In this education give you lot of topic those are the most important for the physical fitness. Here, is giving you suggestion about the nutrition. It is an increase of your body fitness and still. Here, is anybody can get a lot of idea such as calories. It is help you to reduce the fat of your body. That is the most important for keep of your body feet. In this education has the final category that is the well-being. It is creating you good minded this is also important. After a lot of discuss, we can understand that the importance of physical education.

types of physical activities and sports and also provides important information about hygiene and overall health, helps in creating well-informed pupils. A well-balanced and all-round physical education class helps to create responsible adults who know the importance of a healthy lifestyle.

Importance of Physical Education in Schools

For the overall development of a child, along with academics, which develop his mind, a child should participate in physical activities such as sports and exercises as well. Although, researches in the field have shown that physical education should be made mandatory in schools as it develops positivity, improves the attitude and fitness of the students, yet, due to various constraints, many schools are not really able to implement this. Lack of funds, increased emphasis on academics to up the scores in order to avail government funding; there are various reasons behind this policy of the schools for not making physical education compulsory. The following Buzzle article on the importance of physical education in schools, will perhaps help such school authorities, to have a fresh look at this topic…

Importance of Physical Education

Fitness
Obesity is a very common problem faced by numerous American kids, which if not taken care of in time, can lead to many lifestyle diseases such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes in the long run. Due to physical education, the kids get to participate in physical activities, which help them burn calories and lose fat. Regular exercising builds muscles, makes the immune system strong and improves upon a child’s stamina. This increases the fitness levels and keeps various diseases and health conditions in check.

Self-esteem
The importance of physical education in schools can be seen with the way it impacts a student’s mind. When a student participates in physical activities, he becomes fit and attractive, which helps to boost his self-esteem. After all everyone wants to look their best, regardless of age, isn’t it?

Life Lessons
By participating in various sports, a student gets to learn so many things about life. A student wins some games and loses some, this makes him understand that winning and losing are a part of life and should be accepted with grace. When a student participates in team games, he learns that co-operating with others is very important if goals are to be achieved. Likewise, sports can teach so many life lessons to students and thus, help them evolve mentally.

Healthy Eating
During the theoretical physical education classes, a student is taught the importance of healthy eating. He gets to know how harmful some of his favorite foods such as pizzas, burgers, cakes and aerated drinks can be. A student is also made to understand that if he does not make healthy food choices, he can face many health problems in the future. Equipped with this knowledge, many students inculcate healthy eating habits, by giving up high sugar and fast foods and replacing them with healthy foods like fruits, vegetables and nuts.

Hygiene
Physical education classes lay great emphasis on maintaining hygiene. They teach students how to remain clean and germ-free at all times. Sex education is sometimes part of the physical education curriculum too. The safe practices taught in physical education classes, if followed by the students throughout their life, will save them from many diseases.

Stress management  
The importance of physical education in schools can be seen with the way it relaxes the students. Often times, students, particularly in their adolescent years, face various kinds of pressure and experience stress and anxiety. Participation in physical activities can act as a stress buster for them. Researches have shown that when a person exercises, the levels of cortisol, a stress hormone, get reduced. Moreover, a person who exercises every day, is able to sleep better, thus giving enough time to his body to repair and restore. This proves that by making an exercise routine, a student can remain stress-free, relaxed and concentrate more on his studies and other important things.

Productivity
Researches show that students who participate in physical activities have high energy levels and are more alert than those who lead sedentary lifestyles. Due to these very reasons, the productivity of such students in various spheres of life, including their studies, improves considerably.

As can be seen, physical education contributes so much towards making a child grow into a healthy, intelligent, confident and level-headed adult. It can be rightly said that it’s not just for individual growth, but for the improvement of the whole society, physical education should be made an important part of the school curriculum.

Following are the importance or benefits of physical education -

1. Physical education is needed because due to advanced technology the lifestyle of people becomes sedentary and they become passive entertainer.

2. Physical education is needed during elementary & secondary education for proper growth and development.

3. It is beneficial during adulthood to maintain good health and fitness.

4. During old Age, physical education is important to prevent and treat various ailments and disease.

5. It is important as it provides us the knowledge of our bodies from musculoskeletal, physiological and biochemical point of view.

6. It teaches us various physical activities that can be practised now in later life such as motor skills for the games and sports of volleyball, tennis, swimming and so on.

7. It also teaches us the value of ethical behaviour in sporting situations.

8. It teaches us the value of physical fitness and how to become physically fit.

9. It teaches us the value of physical fitness and how to become physically fit.

10. It is important for aesthetic reasons as by participation in physical fitness programmes like gymnastics and dance, beauty and grace in cultivated in the movement.

11. It is also important for catharsis reasons with mean releasing of energy, emotion, tension or frustration and some people let off their extra steam by participating in various games and sports which are part of physical education. This way physical education helps in checking juvenile delinquency.

Aim of Physical Education – The ultimate goal or direction is referred to as an aim, it point out way. It is final end. Aim is achieved some certain objectives.

Aim of physical education, like general education, is to develop human personality in its totality well planned activity programs. In some words, physical education aim at the all round development of the personality of an individual or wholesome development of human personality and it includes physical, mental, social, emotional and moral aspects to make an individual a good citizen who is able to make contribution in process of nation in one’s own way. Thus physical education means at making an individual physical fit, mentally alert, emotionally balanced, socially well adjusted, morally true and spiritually uplifted.

Objectives of Physical Education – Objectives are steps considered towards the attainment of the aim. They are the particular and precise means employed to realize an aim. The moment an aim is achieved it becomes an objective in the action that goal on continuing.

The three Objectives of physical education are -

1. The objective of physical fitness – It refers to that state where an individual has developed great endurance, speed, strength etc. Physical fitness is essential to leading a happy, vigorous and abundant life.

2. The objective of social efficiency – It concerned with one’s  proper  adaptation to group living. Physical education activities provides ample opportunities to develop traits such as cooperation, respect to others, loyalty,  sportsmanship, self confidence etc. All these qualities help a person to make him a good citizen.

3. The objective of culture – It aims at developing an understanding and appreciation of one’s own local environment as well as the environment which is world-wide in scope. By participation in various physical education activities such as dance, sports and games, a person fully understand the history, culture, tradition, religious practices etc and the aesthetic values associated with these activities.

14 essential aims and objectives of Physical Education

(
i) To develop the organic systems of the body;

It is recognized that our feelings, emotions, thoughts and achievements are influenced to a considerable extent by the physiological process of the body. The development of the organic vigor is dependent on a wide selection of activities and so conducted that the normal functions of the body are developed and improved.

(ii) To develop euro-muscular co-ordination or skill;

A good deal of physical activities helps the individu­als and groups to develop certain skill, which gives satisfaction and happiness in a variety of ways during leisure times. Being physically illiterate many people do not know how to enjoy their leisure and become unhappy and maladjusted. Individual and group play activities enable people to give wholesome expression to their innate desires and interests,

(iii) To develop right attitude towards and physical activities in general;

Programme of physical education is based on sound psychological principles. It develops amongst the individu­als wholesome attitudes towards play and physical activi­ties and cultivates recreational and hobbies.

(iv) To develop a desirable social attitudes and conduct; By giving emphasis on ethical values inherent in Playing games with and against others the desirable social attitudes and conduct can be developed through a progra­mme of well organized physical activities. It gives opportunity for social contact, group living, and self adjustment with the group.

(v) Development of psychomotor skills;

(
vi) Development of understanding and appreciation of the techniques and strategies of sports;

(vii) Preparation for leisure time;

(viii) Elimination of worries and anxieties through deve­loping appropriate interests and habits of engaging in exercise and sports;

(iv) Attainment of knowledge of proper health procedure as related to physical exercise.

(x) To develop correct health habits;

A rational programme of physical activities can stimulate the participant to develop favorable attitudes and habits in physical, mental, moral, social and emotional health.

(
xi) To serve as an out let for surplus energy, which if pent up, make the child tens, nervous and irritable.

(xii) To meet the challenge of growing indiscipline among the student community by instilling in the younger generation a sense of patriotism, self-reliance and discipline.

(xiii) To give adequate scope for bringing out the aptitu­des and talents of the child.

(xiv) To promote the spirit of certain qualities like sports-man ship, team spirit, leadership, patience, self-restrain co-operation, sociability and those other qualities of character and citizenship.  

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Indoor aims and objectives of physical education are the easiest to plan, especially if your school has a gymnasium that is used for this sole purpose, because you do not have to worry so much about the ever-changing weather. For high school students, the aims and objectives of physical education ideas are limitless.

Basketball is a great aims and objectives of physical education activity, with numerous games that breakdown the real game to focus on specific areas. Zone ball teaches students the fundamentals of aims and objectives of physical education using six hula hoops at each end of the court. Students must stand inside the hula hoop, chest passing the ball to one another; no dribbling is allowed. Another good aims and objectives of physical education activity is basketball golf, where students learn various ranges to shoot the ball. Using index cards with the hole number written on them (hole one, hole two and so on), write a cue for shooting on the back, and tape each card to the floor. Working clockwise, each student must make a basket at hole one before moving on.

Aerobics and dance is another great indoor activity to get students working in groups and use their creativity to come up with a routine. All you need is a aims and objectives of physical education player and anything the groups (three to five students) need. Give them up to three days to come up with a routine. They will perform the routine to the rest of the class, then ask their peers to join by teaching them the moves.

For girls, a great unit to incorporate is aims and objectives of physical education. It not only helps with hand-eye coordination, but also offers balance, flexibility and strength techniques that can be incorporated into real-world experiences.

Dodge ball is and always will be a classic, just like aims and objectives of physical education. Both activities promote teamwork, agility, quick thinking and hand-eye coordination.

Four obvious activities come to mind when thinking of aims and objectives of physical education units, including tennis, soccer, baseball and softball. Quick serve tennis is fast-paced and introduces the fundamentals of tennis, especially on the pace and placement of players. Switch soccer teaches students how to work the soccer field, but the objective is to play keep away as opposed to getting a goal. Once they get the concept down, focus them on kicking one soccer ball into another, then have them switch sides of the field. Track and field is the most basic outdoor activity in play. Students learn each event involved aims and objectives of physical education. Some aims and objectives of physical education teachers blend all of the events, while others specify an individual day for each event. Students are generally assessed not by how well they perform the event, but rather how hard they try and how many reps are attempted.

Aquatics are a fun way to mix things up during the unit if you have easy access to a pool. Things as simple as swimming freestyle laps can be put into play, followed by timed lengths of the pool, then closing out with races. It is also good to incorporate instruction of each different stroke so students can learn the proper technique for each aims and objectives of physical education. Games like water polo, water volleyball and water basketball are fun ways to incorporate dry land activities into the water. This is a great alternative to the dry land aims and objectives of physical education activity because there is less impact to the bodies and less of an opportunity for injuries to arise. Aims and objectives of physical education is a good three-day unit to incorporate into any aquatics session, but it can also serve as an emergency unit.

Physical fitness

combined good health and physical development. The object of any program of physical fitness is to maximize an individual's health, strength, endurance, and skill relative to age, sex, body build, and physiology. These ends can only be realized through conscientious regulation of exercise, rest, diet, and periodic medical and dental examinations. Exercise should be regular and vigorous, but begun slowly and only gradually increased in strenuousness. Popular exercise methods include jogging, cycling, and the use of body-building machines. It is more important that periods of sleep be regular and restful than that they extend any fixed number of hours. A properly balanced diet in proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals is essential. Conscientious dental hygiene and periodic checkups are also strongly advised. Complete and regular physical examinations should be the basis of any program of physical development. Tobacco smoking, as well as alcohol and drug consumption, are counterproductive to any physical fitness program. Although sports are related to physical fitness, care must be taken that injuries do not occur, and that the skin is adequately protected against the cancerous effects of solar radiation.

Physical fitness can be achieved through physical exercise.

Physical fitness comprises two related concepts: general fitness (a state of health and well-being), and specific fitness (a task-oriented definition based on the ability to perform specific aspects of sports or occupations). Physical fitness is generally achieved through correct nutrition, exercise, and enough rest.

In previous years^[fitness was commonly defined as the capacity to carry out the day’s activities without undue fatigue. However, as automation increased leisure time, changes in lifestyles following the industrial revolution rendered this definition insufficient. In current contexts, physical fitness is considered a measure of the body’s ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic diseases, and to meet emergency situations

Physical fitness is a key factor in maintaining health. Running, walking or playing sports 30 minutes every day has been shown to increase health. Physical fitness has many benefits. People who exercise at least 3-4 times a week tend to have less diseases and live longer. Physical activity helps prevent diseases such as diabetes, strokes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases; all of which plague modern day society

INTRODUCTION

Soccer is a sport requiring high levels of physical fitness. It is one of those rare games which demands not only speed but agility, strength, power and endurance. Players at top levels can run over 14 km in a game whilst not forgetting the frequent accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction and jumps they must undertake. Fitness is important at all levels of the game, whilst being essential for top level players, it is beneficial for beginners who will improve both their effectiveness and enjoyment through good standards of fitness. The aim of fitness training in football is to enable a player to cope with the physical demands of the game as well as allowing the efficient use of his various technical and tactical competencies throughout the match.

Physical Fitness Definition

Our physical fitness definition is very much oriented towards functional ability. We see it as the ability to meet physical challenges, whether related to work, sport, recreation, combat, or other life activities. A man’s physical fitness must be seen in the context of the specific physical challenges he is likely to face. Thus the criteria for a physically fit firefighter, policeman, or combat soldier are by necessity much more stringent than those for an elderly, frail man who is challenged by daily activities such as climbing stairs, taking out the trash or even getting up out of a chair.

There are several components of physical fitness including some that are not readily improved by training, such as coordination, reaction time, peripheral vision, and height. Since little or nothing can be done to improve these, our physical fitness definition below includes only physical capabilities that are amenable to training. These are strength, muscular endurance, aerobic endurance, speed, agility/quickness, flexibility, and balance

components

	Health related	Skill related	Sports
§  Metabolic §  Morphological §  Bone integrity §  Other	§  Body composition §  Cardiovascular fitness §  Flexibility §  Muscular endurance §  Muscle strength	§  Agility §  Balance §  Coordination §  Power §  Speed §  Reaction time §  Other	§  Team sport §  Individual sport §  Lifetime §  Other

The Components of Fitness

Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well being where as fitness is the ability to meet the demands of a physical task.

Basic fitness can be classified in four main components: strength, speed, stamina and flexibility. However, exercise scientists have identified nine components that comprise the definition of fitness (Tancred 1995) [1]:

• Strength - the extent to which muscles can exert force by contracting against resistance (e.g. holding or restraining an object or person)
• Power - the ability to exert maximum muscular contraction instantly in an explosive burst of movements. The two components of power are strength and speed. (e.g. jumping or a sprint start)
• Agility - the ability to perform a series of explosive power movements in rapid succession in opposing directions (e.g. Zigzag running or cutting movements)
• Balance - the ability to control the body's position, either stationary (e.g. a handstand) or while moving (e.g. a gymnastics stunt)
• Flexibility - the ability to achieve an extended range of motion without being impeded by excess tissue, i.e. fat or muscle (e.g. executing a leg split)
• Local Muscle Endurance - a single muscle's ability to perform sustained work (e.g. rowing or cycling)
• Cardiovascular Endurance - the heart's ability to deliver blood to working muscles and their ability to use it (e.g. running long distances)
• Strength Endurance - a muscle's ability to perform a maximum contraction time after time (e.g. continuous explosive rebounding through an entire basketball game)
• Co-ordination- the ability to integrate the above listed components so that effective movements are achieved.

Of all the nine elements of fitness cardiac respiratory qualities are the most important to develop as they enhance all the other components of the conditioning equa
tion.

• The 5 Components of Physical Fitness
• 
• There are 5 components of physical fitness, and these components represent how fit and healthy the body is as a whole.
• Some people think that being physically fit means being in good general health. Other people think that it means being able to lift a certain amount of weight or being able to run a particular distance in a certain time.
• There's actually no single agreed upon definition of physical fitness.
• One common definition is that physical fitness is a set of attributes that people have or achieve relating to their ability to perform physical activity. Another common definition is that physical fitness is a state of well-being with a low risk of premature health problems and energy to participate in a variety of physical activities.
• According to Wikipedia, physical fitness is considered a measure of the body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic diseases, and to meet emergency situations.
• Even though the definition of physical fitness can vary, there's near unanimous agreement on the 5 components of physical fitness. Here's an overview of each of the components.
• 1. Cardiovascular Fitness
• Cardiovascular fitness (also known as cardiorespiratory fitness) is the ability of the heart, lungs and vascular system to deliver oxygen-rich blood to working muscles during sustained physical activity. Aerobic exerciseimproves cardiovascular fitness.
• 2. Muscular Strength
• Muscular strength is the amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert against a heavy resistance.Anaerobic exercise improves muscular strength.
• 3. Muscular Endurance
• Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to repeat a movement many times or to hold a particular position for an extended period of time. Both aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise can improve muscular endurance.

• 4. Flexibility
• Flexibility is the degree to which an individual muscle will lengthen. Stretching improves flexibility.
• 5. Body Composition
• Body composition is the amount of fat in the body compared to the amount of lean mass (muscle, bones, organs etc.).
• Now that you know what the 5 components of physical fitness are, you'll be better able to develop an effective fitness program.
• COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
  Health Related components:
             Those factors that are related to how well the systems  of your body work
  1.     Cardiovascular Fitness: The ability of the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels) to supply oxygen to working muscles during exercise.
  2.     Body Composition: The relative percentage of body fat compared to lean body mass (muscle, bone, water,etc)
  3.     Flexibility: The range of movement possible at various joints.
  4.     Muscular strength: The amount of force that can be produced by a single contraction of a muscle
  5.     Muscular endurance: The ability of a muscle group to continue muscle movement over a length of time.
   Skill Related Components: Those aspects of fitness which form the basis for successful sport or activity participation.
  1.     Speed: The ability to move quickly from one point to another in a straight line
  2.     Agility: The ability of the body to change direction quickly
  3.     Balance: The ability to maintain an upright posture while still or moving
  4.     Coordination: Integration with hand and/or foot movements with the input of the senses.
  5.     Reaction Time: Amount of time it takes to get moving.
  6.     Power: The ability to do strength work at an explosive pace.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Physical Fitness Components | Body Fitness and Health
  
  
  2.     Speed: Speed is the ability of a person to execute motor movements with high speed in the shortest period of time. It is equal to the distance covered per unit of time. the element of speed is involved in most of the athletic skills such as in sprint running, some skills of soccer, basketball  etc.
  2. Strength: Strength is the ability of a muscle to expert or release force by contraction enabling a person to overcome resistance or to act against resistance.
  3.    
  
  
  4.     Power: Power is the ability of muscle to release maximum force in the shortest period of time. It is equal to force multiplied by speed. It is the combination of strength and speed. Speed and force must be combined for effective performance in activities like baseball throw, jumps for height, football kick, boxing punch etc.
  
  
  
  4. Endurance :Endurance is the ability of the person to perform movement of moderate (Sub-maximum) contractions over prolonged period of time under conditions of fatigue or tiredness. It is the product of all psychic and physical energy of human body.
  
  
  5. Flexibility : Flexibility is the ability of a muscle to perform movements with large range of motion.
  
  5.     Agility : Agility is the ability of a person to change positions in space or to change directions quickly and effectively e.g. football player quickly changes direction or giving dodge to opponent, hurdle crossing over the barrier or hurdles, zig-zag running, etc.
  
  
  
  
  6.     Balance : Balance is the ability of a person to control human body or to maintain    equilibrium under static and dynamic conditions e.g. hand stand, skating, skiing, catching a fly in baseball, et
  
  Components of Physical Fitness:
  
  Health Related components: Those factors that are related to how well the systems of your body work
  
  1. Cardiovascular Fitness: The ability of the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels) to supply oxygen to working muscles during exercise.
  
  2. Body Composition: The relative percentage of body fat compared to lean body mass (muscle, bone, water,etc)
  
  3. Flexibility: The range of movement possible at various joints.
  
  4. Muscular strength: The amount of force that can be produced by a single contraction of a muscle
  
  5. Muscular endurance: The ability of a muscle group to continue muscle movement over a length of time.
  
  
  Skill Related Components: Those aspects of fitness which form the basis for successful sports participation.
  
  1. Speed: The ability to move quickly from one point to another
  
  2. Agility: The ability of the body to change direction quickly
  
  3. Balance: The ability to maintain an upright posture while still or moving
  
  4. Coordination: Integration with hand and/or foot movements with the input of the senses.
  
  5. Reaction Time: Amount of time it takes to get moving.
  
  6. Power: The ability to do strength work at an explosive pace.
  
  The Components required for Cycling: 
  
  1. Endurance: The ability to continue a ride at an aerobic effort level without the onset of undue fatigue. This is specific to an event, and is the most basic and important ability.
  
  2. Speed Skills: The ability to move the pedals quickly and efficiently, while beingtotally relaxed.
  
  3. Force: The ability to overcome resistance as in climbing short steep hills or turning a bigger gear, or riding into a head wind.
  
  4. Muscular Endurance: The ability to sustain a high muscular effort for a sustained or prolonged period of time, as in a time trial. This is a combination of force and endurance.
  
  5. Anaerobic Endurance: The ability to resist fatigue while turning a high cadence in a bigger gear. A combination of speed and endurance.
  
  6. Power: The ability to apply maximum force in the shortest time possible. A combination of force and speed.

  
  
  
  
  The Benefits And Components of Physical Fitness
  Physical fitness is very much important to an individual's health. Together with a balance diet and enough sleep or rest or relaxation, performing a regular physical fitness activities can make the body physically healthy.
  
  Physical fitness provides some benefits such as, vitality, good posture, relieves low back pain,retards aging process, ability to meet emergencies, neuromuscular skills, relaxation, improvement of personality and social skills, mental fitness and general health.
  
  Performing regular exercise can increase vitality, as exercises makes the muscles fit which eventually uses less energy in performing a task.
  
  It also helps to develop good body posture. Through exercises, an individual could maintain a general postural alignment. It promotes the development of anti-gravity muscles and eventually develops a good abdominal wall, arm and shoulder girdle.
  
  Fitness or exercises also relieve low back pain. Low back pains are usually due to some physical activity and doing a regular physical fitness exercises can strengthen the abdominal muscle which relieved pain in the lower back.
  
  Physical Fitness can also retards aging process. It was found out that doing regular physical fitness exercise can postponed, the deterioration of muscles that takes place when an individual grows older.
  
  It also allows us to meet some emergencies. An individual who is physically fit can exert extra energy that can be used in the times of emergencies.
  
  Physical fitness can also improve the neuromuscular skills. Through physical activities, their could be a smooth and efficient coordination of the neuromuscular system.
  
  It can also provide relaxation wherein emotional and muscular tension are seemed to be relieved by the action taken with the skeletal muscle.
  
  Physical fitness exercises can also improve the personality of an individual and develop social skills. Physical fitness can also serve as a mental exercise as it can provide mental relaxation to the mind.
  
  It can also provide general health to an individual, as it can provide a high degree of general resistance to different diseases and illnesses.
  
  Physical fitness is based upon the muscular system, the skeletal system, the circulatory system and the respiratory system. It has several components and these are the Balance, Coordination, Flexibility, Strength, Agility, Speed and Endurance.
  
  Balance is the ability to maintain the neuromuscular control of the position of the body. Coordination means the ability of the integration of movements of different body parts in a smooth, efficient and purposeful pattern or effort. Flexibility is the ability to perform maximum range of movement at the various body parts. Strength is the ability to exert maximum force in a single contraction. Agility is the ability to change direction of the position of the body parts. Speed is the ability to make a rapid movement in successive and similar manner and the Endurance is the capacity of an individual to sustain.
  
  
  Physical Fitness Benefits and Importance | Body Health and Fitness
  
  
  There are so many benefits to be gained from participation in physical fitness and wellness programs and people of all ages and both genders can derive benefits from such programs so as to help them to maintain high er quality of life. The most important benefits of physical fitness and wellness approach in the development of positive attitude  that helps people to see life’s possibilities and to work for their attainment so as to make one’s life personally fulfilling and satisfying. It provides the basis for optimal physiological health and gives us the capacity to enjoy a full life.
  The main  benefits of Physical Fitness are -
  1. Condition of heart and lungs by increasing the oxygen available to the body therefore enabling the heart to use oxygen more efficiently.
  2. Devolopment of physical fitness components such as strength, endurance , agility, flexibility, etc and improvement of muscle tone.
  3. Fosters correct posture, figure, body image, and physical appearance.
  4. Quick recovery after injury, illness and decrease the risk of cardio-vascular disease.
  5. Reduces and controls body fat, exercise combined with a proper diet will reduce body fat and also fulfill proper nutritional requirement
  6. Increase energy level of a person and helps to maintain ideal body weight.
  7. Through Participation in physical fitness program, leisure (free) time is properly utilized.
  8. Improve mood and reduce depression and anxiety.
  9. Postpones fatigue and reduces recovery time after vigorous activity.
  10. Helps people to meet challenges of life, make them self confident and postpones ageing process.